This is the second of four case studies examining social transfers to OVC in Swaziland. Such social transfers began in the early 2000s as a response to rapidly rising numbers of AIDS orphans as well as rising vulnerability in the population at large, due to a combination of adverse factors and trends. The four policies are neighbourhood care points, school bursaries, chiefs’ fields and farm input support to child-headed households, and while these have separate origins in Swaziland government and institutional structures, as well as in partnerships with donors, they were brought together in 2006 in a single over-arching strategy called the National Plan of Action for Orphans and Vulnerable Children 2006-2010 (Swaziland, 2006).