Knowledge Management for Public Health

Knowledge management (KM) provides a systematic approach to ensure that public health practitioners have access to the latest research and that they apply that research to public health programs at all levels of the health system—from the global, regional, and national levels down to the front lines. KM is an intentional process that includes identifying the knowledge needs of a particular audience and then generating, curating, and sharing relevant knowledge to help programs and organizations succeed.

Public health organizations that adopt KM strategies and practices can improve performance of health care workers and programs and contribute to reaching the end goal of improving health outcomes among communities. Using KM, public health programs can:

  • Promote collaboration and learning
  • Inform policy and advocacy
  • Improve programs, practice, and research
  • Enhance health training and education programs

KM programs are supported by three key components: people, processes, and technology.

  • People generate, store, and share knowledge and can help cultivate an environment that encourages knowledge sharing and use of KM systems.
  • Processes are the methods used to capture, curate, and share knowledge. These formal and informal processes must be embraced and integrated into an organization’s daily work flow to be most successful.
  • Use of technology that is appropriate to the context can expedite knowledge storage, retrieval, and exchange.

KM has particular relevance for low- and middle-income country settings. It can address human resource issues related to retaining organizational knowledge and can provide mechanisms for purposefully exchanging needed knowledge in real time. Implementing a KM system can ensure that relevant health knowledge—data, research findings, best practices, programmatic guidance—flows up and down the health system, from national to district to community levels and back up again. KM approaches also facilitate the exchange of information across a given level of the health system, improving the effectiveness and efficiency of public health programs.

To learn more about how to integrate KM into your program:

 

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    PRB 2012 Datasheet

    The Population Reference Bureau's 2012 World Population Data Sheet

    With the recent publication of its 2012 World Population Data Sheet, the Population Reference Bureau (PRB) marked the 50th anniversary of this valuable source of information. This year’s data sheet, which includes 19 population, health, and environment indicators for more than 200 countries, devotes much attention to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), now the leading cause of death in all regions of the world except sub-Saharan Africa. Even in sub-Saharan Africa, NCDs will account for nearly half of all deaths by 2030.
     
    Last week, Wendy Baldwin, PRB president and CEO, and Carl Haub, senior demographer, hosted a webinar to unveil the new fact sheet. The talk highlighted the four NCDs that are currently driving global mortality: cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancer. Baldwin and Haub pointed out that tobacco use, diet, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and excessive alcohol consumption are responsible for half of the risk from NCDs. Watch the video below to hear Wendy Baldwin talk about what youth can do to prevent NCDs.
     
     

     

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    On the eve of the London Summit for Family Planning, The Lancet published a series of articles and commentaries that explores the links between contraception, population growth, and the health and wellbeing of the planet and its current and future inhabitants. The series reviews an array of evidence on the toll that lack of access to family planning takes not only on maternal and child health but also on the social, economic, and environmental health of communities, nations, and the world.

    Abuja Nigeria Woman and Child Learn About Contraceptive Options

    A mother in Abuja, Nigeria reads a family planning and child spacing brochure to learn about contraceptive options available in the area.

    © 2012 Kim Blessing/JHU∙CCP, Courtesy of Photoshare

    Those who work in family planning are well aware that national political will and international support for contraceptive programs has waned in recent decades. This neglect has perpetuated a continued lack of access, particularly in low-resource settings where the consequences are most dire. The Lancet’s series examines the potential of family planning to advance global health from so many angles that even readers whose careers are devoted to the cause will gain fresh perspective and new insights.

    The rebirth of family planning: Herbert Peterson of the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, who led the planning, commissioning, and preparation of the series, and Richard Horton of The Lancet identify two central challenges to addressing unmet need: stronger advocacy to policymakers to devote more attention to family planning and translating the scientific evidence presented in this series into innovative programs that are implemented well to achieve universal access to reproductive health.

    Making family planning a national development priority: Pierre Damien Habumuremyi, Prime Minster of Rwanda, and Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia, credit five factors with increased contraceptive use in the successful case studies of Rwanda and Ethiopia over the past decade:

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    A question from the audience at the HIV Medical Association’s Community & Science Speak booth at the International AIDS Conference yesterday focused on what degree our government respects science and evidence-based interventions.  It reminded me of part of the Vision for the Conference that appeared in the information guide had read earlier in the morning.

  • Publications & Resources

    This is a summary report; click here for the full report.

    K4Health conducted a health information needs assessment and Network Mapping (Net-Map) study in Ethiopia. The study sought to:

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    Before last week, I had never heard of the knowledge management theory of “Clusters,” and I also probably would not have thought that the wealthy and cosmopolitan city of Dubai had much in common with Bangladesh.  However, after attending the 6th Knowledge Management International Conference (KMICe), organized by the Universiti Utara Malaysia, I am considering how to apply lessons learned from Cluster theory in Dubai to the health care industry in Bangladesh.

    Professor Dr. Julia Connell presented her research in Dubai where government tax policy has produced “clusters” – geographic concentrations of companies and institutions working in the same or similar industries.  These clusters exhibit “co-opetition,” the coexistence of cooperation and competition.  For example, many IT companies are located in the same neighborhood and can benefit from sharing resources, knowledge, staff, training, and even work, but they also benefit from a healthy competition between companies that foster innovation and drive for improvement.  If one company has more work than it can handle, it can refer clients to a trusted neighbor company.   Companies can also share specialized training opportunities and specialized equipment that would be costly to duplicate for each company.  Clusters can be very beneficial for their members, but as Dr. Connell’s research showed, productive clusters do not just happen with geographic proximity alone; clusters need to be facilitated. 

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    Family planning is one of the most cost-effective ways to prevent maternal, infant, and child mortality. Yet today more than 200 million women and girls in developing countries who wish to prevent, limit, or space pregnancies are not using a modern contraceptive method. In fact, in the world’s 69 poorest countries, the number of women with unmet need for contraception has increased in recent years, resulting in 80 million unintended pregnancies each year.

    A family in Dioro, Mali

    A family in Dioro, Mali

    © Michelle Bashin, Courtesy of Photoshare

    This Wednesday, July 11, family planning stakeholders from around the world will unite for the London Summit on Family Planning. The UK Government and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation are partnering with UNFPA to host this gathering of leaders from national government, donors, civil society, the private sector, the research and development community, and others to renew and revitalize global commitment to ensuring the world’s women and girls, particularly those living in low-resource settings, have access to contraceptive information, services, and supplies.  

    Organizers hope the summit will “mobilize global policy, financing, commodity and service delivery commitments to support the rights of an additional 120 million women and girls in the world’s 69 poorest countries to use contraceptive information, services and supplies, without coercion or discrimination, by 2020.” Doing so will prevent a staggering 100 million unintended pregnancies, 50 million abortions, 200,000 pregnancy- and childbirth-related maternal deaths, and 3 million infant deaths.

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    Twenty years after the Earth Summit, world leaders, participants from the private sector, NGOs, and other civil society groups came together to discuss sustainable development at Rio+20. Rio+20 or the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Key actors came together to discuss how to reduce poverty, advance social equity and ensure environmental protection. Topics covered included: energy, cities, jobs, food, water, women, health, oceans, and disasters. Amidst this greater conversation, on Tuesday, June 19, 2012, an innovative event and global conversation was held to discuss technology, digital and social media, and how these influence and relate to the Rio+20 conversations.

    Girls learn how to use computers in a training mobile van parked near their homes in Guna district in Madhya Pradesh, India

     

    Girls learn how to use computers in a training mobile van parked near their homes in Guna district in Madhya Pradesh, India. The training program is supported by the NGO, Great India Dream Foundation.

    © 2010 Anil Gulati, Courtesy of Photoshare

    Rio+Social or #RioPlusSocial, brought people together in person and virtually to discuss how we can innovate using new media and technology to produce sustainable development. There was the ability for everyone to share their voice with just a simple tweet. Never before has there been the opportunity to join people together so easily to share ideas and opinions using a simple platform with a simple common hashtag (#RioPlusSocial). 

    Throughout the nine-hour day, there were speakers from various sectors: technology, international development, social media, traditional media, and others. One main theme was about collaborating to make change. Using social media and technology is a great way to achieve collaboration, especially working with people in different geographic areas.

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    Presenting data in a visually engaging way can help audiences understand it better.[1] This new animated infographic from Marie Stopes International is a great example. It shows the relationship between Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) and Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in ten countries over a 35-year period.

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    The Knowledge for Health (K4Health) project is pleased to announce the release of a special supplement to the Journal of Health Communication titled Meeting the Information Needs of Health Care Providers, Program Managers, and Policy Makers in Low and Middle Income Countries. Our own Knowledge Management (KM) Director Tara Sullivan is one of the supplement’s guest editors, along with: Neil Pakenham-Walsh, coordinator of Health Information for All by 2015 (HIFA2015) and co-director of the Global Healthcare Information Network; and Symphrose Ouma, Chair of the Kenya Chapter of the Association for Health Information and Libraries in Africa (AHILA).

    Over the course of the K4Health project, JHU·CCP and our partners FHI 360 and Management Sciences for Health (MSH) have conducted a series of country-level qualitative studies of family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) information needs. The results of the India, Malawi, and Senegal assessments are included in this special issue of Journal of Health Communication, along with other related articles and commentary pieces.

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    This is the fourth in a series of posts about changes to K4Health's web products portfolio (here’s Part 1 from December, Part 2 from March, and Part 3 from April).

    The newest change in the grand scheme of changes to K4Health's web products portfolio is up. The revised Toolkits application has had its first road test with the mHealth Toolkit, which went live on Thursday.

    The Toolkits system is a knowledge management tool for groups and organizations in the public health sphere, allowing them to effectively present and curate a collection of resources online. The biggest differences between the new Toolkits system and the previous version are:

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