Logistics

© 2007 Virginia Lamprecht, Courtesy of PhotoshareMore than twice as many women are using injectable contraceptives today as a decade ago, and the numbers keep growing. Widespread and consistent access to contraceptives rests on effective organization and management of the supply chain and correct assessments of supply and demand. Many logistics guides emphasize that an effective supply chain must ensure the “six rights” for product distribution:

  1. The right product
  2. In the right quantity
  3. In the right condition
  4. In the right place
  5. At the right time
  6. For the right cost

Without these “rights,” programs cannot operate; in other words, “no product, no program.” Logistics management is complex, as contraceptive supply chains consist of many organizations, procedures, and people who must work together to accurately forecast demand and then order and deliver the appropriate quantity of contraceptives.

The Logistics section of the Injectables Toolkit houses resources for improving logistics system performance to maintain adequate supplies and equipment on hand, thus ensuring injectables will be available where and when clients need them. The materials cover a number of topics, including:

Contraceptive Security: Contraceptive security exists when every person is able to choose, obtain, and use quality contraceptives and condoms for family planning and protection from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. This section offers tools for planning, implementing, assessing, monitoring, analyzing, and managing strategies for securing essential contraceptive commodities. 

Forecasting: Contraceptive security relies on accurate forecasting of contraceptive needs. The Forecasting section contains links to software and other tools for projecting contraceptive needs and planning accordingly.

Logistics System Design and Inventory Management: This section offers guidance on designing and implementing an effective logistics system for a program that offers injectables, as well as properly managing inventory.

Procurement and Quality Assurance: This section contains product catalogs, guidance on procuring reproductive health commodities from UNFPA, and other tools for procuring high-quality contraceptive supplies.

Storage, Distribution, and Waste Disposal: Effective storage, distribution, and waste disposal policies and systems are critical to the success of any family planning program. This section houses guidelines and tools for establishing systems that ensure the safety and needs of the communities being served.

Do you have a comment about this section or would you like to suggest a new resource or management topic? Please share your feedback by emailing us at toolkits@k4health.org or posting on our discussion board.

Contraceptive Security

Forecasting

Logistics System Design and Inventory Management

    2011 | USAID | DELIVER PROJECT | 174 pp
    The Logistics Handbook, updated in 2011, offers practical guidance in managing the supply chain, with an emphasis on health commodities. It is intended to help program managers who design, manage, and assess logistics systems for health programs. In addition, policymakers, system stakeholders, and anyone working in logistics will also find it helpful as a system overview and overall approach. Note: Spanish and French translations reflect the 2004 version of the handbook.
    2010 | Knowledge for Health (K4Health) | 4 pp
    This brief provides basic guidance on supply chain considerations when managing injectables. 
    2010 | John Snow, Inc. (JSI) | 78 pp
    This document provides guidance in the design of systems for community-based distribution (CBD) programs. The guide aims to assist program managers and other stakeholders in designing and implementing stronger and more sustainable supply chains for their CBD programs. The guide is intended to serve as a resource of tools that can be modified and adapted for use by any public sector government or organization that implements CBD programs.
    2009 | USAID | DELIVER PROJECT | 113 pp
    This qualitative data collection instrument provides a comprehensive system-level assessment of logistics system performance for any program that manages a health commodity.
    2009 | USAID | DELIVER PROJECT | 55 pp
    Public health program managers in resource-limited settings often recognize the importance of a well-designed logistics system after experiencing symptoms of poor logistics system performance, such as stockouts, overstocks, and expires. Based on experience designing logistics systems in many countries for many programs, the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT recommends the use of a system design workshop involving local participants. This method has proven to be highly efficient, with a likelihood of yielding an appropriate system design that is country specific.
    2008 | USAID | DELIVER PROJECT | 46 pp
    A quantitative data collection instrument that assesses health commodity logistics system performance and commodity availability at health facilities. The User's Guide is included and provides detailed instructions on how to use the tool.
    2003 | John Snow [JSI], DELIVER | 28 pp
    This publication advocates a holistic approach to designing efficient logistics systems that can adapt to changing environments. It discusses some of the most important design issues and briefly describes several types of logistics systems

Procurement and Quality Assurance

Storage, Distribution and Waste Disposal

    2011 | PATH | 4 pp
    This brief describes results from an analysis conducted by PATH comparing the current intramuscular version of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injectable contraceptive compared with a new formulation packaged in the Uniject™ injection system. The analysis focused on waste management implications, identifying key quantitative and qualitative differences between the two products.
    2006 | World Health Organization [WHO] | 26 pp
    Inadequate management and disposal of waste generated by injection activities such as sharps and infectious waste can have a negative impact, either directly or indirectly, on the health of medical staff and waste handlers, as well as on the community and environment. Much attention has been paid to tertiary health-care facilities located in urban areas where financial and human resources are more readily available.
    2006 | World Health Organization [WHO] | 87 pp
    This document provides background information and assessment and planning tools to assist health care waste management advisors with developing and implementing national-level plans.
    2005 | World Health Organization [WHO] | 57 pp
    This document provides guidance for selecting the most appropriate method for safely managing solid waste generated at primary health care centers in developing countries. It includes six decision trees aimed at assisting the user in identifying appropriate waste management methods. This guide may also be used to evaluate existing practices related to healthcare waste management. It is intended for staff working in primary healthcare centers and technical staff working in the local, state, or central administration.
    2004 | John Snow [JSI], DELIVER | 140 pp
    Safe Injection and Waste Management: A Reference for Logistics Advisors was developed as a reference for logistics advisors as they face the challenge of designing and supporting programs to improve injection safety and injection waste management. The reader will find useful information and tools, as well as discussions of important issues, including those related to commodity security for safe injection devices (i.e., injection device security) and the development of a safe injection and waste management policy.
    2003 | USAID | DELIVER PROJECT | 114 pp
    A practical reference for those managing or involved in setting up a storeroom or warehouse. The guide contains written directions and clear illustrations on receiving and arranging commodities; special storage conditions; tracking commodities; maintaining the quality of the products; constructing and designing a medical store; waste management; and resources. It was written to meet the needs of district-level facilities; however, the guidelines and information it contains apply to any storage facility, of any size, in any type of environment.